The Chinese consensus for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures 2021 (C-STTRF 2021) / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Rib fracture is the most common injury in chest trauma. Most of patients with rib fractures were treated conservatively, but up to 50% of patients, especially those with combined injury such as flail chest, presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities, and more than 30% had long-term disabilities, unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades, surgery for rib fractures has achieving good outcomes. However, in clinic, there are still some problems including inconsistency in surgical indications and quality control in medical services. Before the year of 2018, there were 3 guidelines on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures were published at home and abroad, focusing on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans; another clinical guideline about the surgical treatment of rib fractures lacks recent related progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures. The Chinese Society of Traumatology, Chinese Medical Association, and the Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons, Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts from cardiothoracic surgery, trauma surgery, acute care surgery, orthopedics and other disciplines to participate together, following the principle of evidence-based medicine and in line with the scientific nature and practicality, formulated the Chinese consensus for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures (STTRF 2021). This expert consensus put forward some clear, applicable, and graded recommendations from seven aspects: preoperative imaging evaluation, surgical indications, timing of surgery, surgical methods, rib fracture sites for surgical fixation, internal fixation method and material selection, treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures, in order to provide guidance and reference for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.

Iliofemoral technique modification using an anchor screw as treatment of canine traumatic hip luxation - case report / [Modificação da técnica de sutura iliofemoral com uso de parafuso âncora no tratamento da luxação coxofemoral traumática em cães - relato de caso]

Twelve dogs with traumatic hip luxation were selected for surgical intervention with a modified iliofemoral suture technique using an anchor screw to substitute the passage of suture material through a perforated tunnel in the ilium. Six procedures were performed with non-absorbable suture and other six with absorbable suture materials. These cases were evaluated at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery by performing an ambulation analysis and palpation of the joint. In all cases, there was a return of partial and total limb support in an average of 3 and 19 postoperative, respectively. The fixation strategy of the suture material in the ilium using an anchor screw proved to be efficient with a smaller surgical approach and lesser surgical difficulty, maintaining joint congruence in acute as chronic luxation cases. The use of absorbable and non-absorbable sutures had excellent clinical results, but there was a subjective superiority of the first ones, once 4 dogs of the non-absorbable group presented some discomfort during the postoperative palpation of the joint, 90 days after surgery.(AU)

Doze cães com luxação coxofemoral traumática foram submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica de sutura iliofemoral modificada com uso de parafuso âncora substituindo a passagem de fio através de túnel perfurado no ílio. Seis procedimentos foram realizados com fio não absorvível, e outros seis com fio absorvível. Os casos foram avaliados aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, por meio de análise de deambulação e palpação articular. Em todos os casos, houve retorno de suporte parcial e total do peso no membro operado, em média, aos três e 19 dias de pós-operatório, respectivamente. A estratégia de fixação do fio de sutura no ílio com parafuso âncora se mostrou eficaz, permitindo uma abordagem cirúrgica menos invasiva, com menor dificuldade na execução, garantindo manutenção da congruência articular tanto em quadros de luxação aguda como crônica. O uso de fio absorvível e não absorvível teve bons resultados clínicos, porém houve uma superioridade subjetiva do primeiro, uma vez que quatro pacientes do grupo fio inabsorvível mostraram desconforto à palpação da articulação aos 90 dias após a cirurgia.(AU)

Estabilización quirúrgica en compresión medular metastásica cervical: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Surgical stabilization in metastatic neck spinal cord compresion: case report and literature review

Introducción: La compresión medular (CM) por neplasia es una de las complicaciones neurológicas con más morbilidad seguido por metástasis cerebrales. Considerada una emergencia oncológica, porque puede llevar a la pérdida irreversible de la función neurológica si no se realiza un diagnóstico oportuno y se inicia un tratamiento adecuado. La invasión del cuerpo vertebral por diseminación hematógena, es la causa más frecuente y en ocasiones llega a crear inestabilidad mecánica vertebral que supone una verdadera urgencia ortopédica. El dolor es el síntoma más precoz y frecuente. Caso: Se analizan las características clínicas, patológicas, factores pronósticos y manejo de la CM por cáncer, en una paciente femenina de 73 años con cuadro de dolor cervical de 8 meses de evolución más déficit motor reciente en miembros superiores y signos radiológicos de compresión medular cervical y resultados de estabilización quirúrgica. Discusión: Los signos y síntomas van apareciendo a medida que el proceso avanza, pasando por la debilidad motora, alteración en la sensibilidad hasta llegar a la parálisis e incontinencia de esfínteres, como consecuencia del daño neurológico completo. La exploración complementaria más importante es la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) que debe ser solicitada de inmediato para decidir e iniciar el tratamiento. El tratamiento es individualizado y debe de instaurarse con precocidad. El tratamiento estándar por muchos años ha sido radioterapia; actualmente se han implementado nuevas técnicas de radiación y de cirugía que ofrecen buenos resultados.

Introduction: Spinal cord compression secondary to neoplasia is a commonn neurological complication that raises morbidity, only followed by brain metastases. It is considered an oncologic emergency since it can lead to an irreversible loss of neurological function. Haematogenous invasion of the vertebral body is the commonest cause of spinal cord compression. Occassionally, it can cause vertebral instability which represents a real orthopedic emergency. Pain is the earliest and most common symptom.. Case: The clinical, pathological, prognostic factors and management of spinal cord compression due to cáncer in a female patient of 73 years with neck pain box 8 months duration + recent motor deficit upper limbs + radiographic signs of cervical cord compression are analyzed and surgical stabilization results. Discusion: Signs and symptoms appear when the problem progresses as motor weakness, alterations in consciousness, paralysis and incontinence, as a result of complete neurological damage. The most important complementary exploration is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that should be requested to decide immediately and initiate treatment. The standard treatment for many years was radiotherapy; currently there are new techniques of radiation and surgery that offer good results.

Early Surgical Stabilization of Ribs for Severe Multiple Rib Fractures

PURPOSE: A rib fracture secondary to blunt thoracic trauma continues to be an important injury with significant complications. Unfortunately, there are no definite treatment guidelines for severe multiple rib fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of early operative stabilization and to find the risk factors of surgical fixation in patients with bilateral multiple rib fractures or flail segments. METHODS: From December 2005 to December 2008, the medical records of all patients who underwent operative stabilization of ribs for severe multiple rib fractures were reviewed. We investigated patients' demographics, preoperative comorbidities, underlying lung disease, chest trauma, other associated injuries, number of surgical rib fixation, combined operations, perioperative ventilator support, and postoperative complications to find the factors affecting the mortality after surgical treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the 96 patients who underwent surgical stabilization for bilateral multiple rib fractures or flail segments was 56.7 years (range: 22 to 82 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 3.6:1. Among the 96 patients, 16 patients (16.7%) underwent reoperation under general or epidural anesthesia due to remaining fracture with severe displacement. The surgical mortality of severe multiple rib fractures was 8.3% (8/96), 7 of those 8 patients (87.5%) dying from acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis. And the other one patient expired from acute myocardial infarction. The risk factors affecting mortality were liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, concomitant severe head or abdominal injuries, perioperative ventilator care, postoperative bleeding or pneumonia, and tracheostomy. However, age, number of fractured ribs, lung parenchymal injury, pulmonary contusion and combined operations were not significantly related to mortality. CONCLUSION: In the present study, surgical fixation of ribs could be carried out as a first-line therapeutic option for bilateral rib fractures or flail segments without significant complications if the risk factors associated with mortality were carefully considered. Furthermore, with a view of restoring pulmonary function, as well as chest wall configuration, early operative stabilization of the ribs is more helpful than conventional treatment for patients with severe multiple rib fractures.

Surgical Stabilization of Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures: A Review on the Determinants of Clinical Outcomes

Aim: Pelvic and acetabular fractures are associated with high energy trauma. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are associated with specific clinical outcomes following treatment for these fractures. Methods: A consecutive series of 30 patients who had surgical intervention for either pelvic or acetabular fractures formed the sample for this study. Clinical variables reviewed were: age, associated injuries, number of surgical procedures, time to surgery and post operative complications. Cli

Clinical Analysis of Axis Fracture

This retrospective analysis describes the clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcome of 30 patients with axis fracture admitted to our institution between January 1991 and December 1995. The incidence of axis fracture was 27.2% in the 110 cervical spine fractures. Among these, odontoid process fracture was the most common type, 19 cases(63%) followed by 8 hangmans fractures(27%), 3 miscellaneous fractures(10%). Hangman's fractures, odontoid type III fractures and miscellaneous fractures were treated with external immobilization devices. Remaining 11 odontoid type II fractures, and six patients with dens dislocation of 6 mm or greater were initially treated by early surgical stabilization. Individuals with dens dislocated less than 6 mm were treated by external immobilization only. Among the nonoperative group of acute axis fractures, there was no fusion failure. In the early operated group, all patients were stable clinically or radiologically. But three patients with posterior wiring and bone graft complained of their neck motion limitation.

Clinical Review of the Isolated Acute Axis Fracture

A series of 26 patients of acute axis fractures were treated at the Wonkwang Medical Center, Wonkwang University between January, 1988 and December, 1992. The medical records and roentgenograms of these 26 patients were reviewed in detail. Follow-up data were available for all of the cases. for a median duration of 25.6 months(range 3 months to 5years). There were 8 hangman's fractures(31%), 10 odontoid type II fractures(38%), 6 odontoid type III fractures(23%), 2 miscellanous fractures(8%). The odontoid type II fracture was the most common axis fracture and the most common cause of injury was motor-vehicle accident followed by fall, Hangman's fracture, odontoid type II, miscellanous fracture were effectively treated with external stabilization. In the 10 odontoid type II fractures, 7 patients were treated by external stabilization and 3 were by early surgical stabilization. Among the external stabilization group, the fusion failure occured 2 of the displacement of 4mm or greater in the initial treatment.

A Clinical Analysis of Treatment of Acute Cervical Spinal Injury

A retrospective study of 100 cervical spinal cord injury patients admitted consequtively to the Department of Neurosurgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University between March, 1985 and June, 1989 was conducted. The average age was 42 and 84(84%) were male. The majority sustained their spinal cord injury in a motor vehicle accident(50%) or in a diving accident(36%). Thirty-three percent(33/100) of these patients had surgical intervention by anterior approach(14/33), posterior approach(17/33) and total laminectomy(2/33). The others were only immobilized by traction or neck brace. Not only neurological recovery in operated and nonoperated patients but also complete and incomplete injury was compared. The degree of the neurological injury was classified by the Frankel classification. 12 cases turned out to be more aggravated than the condition at admission, among them 9 cases were middle and low cervical incomplete injuries. At final follow-up no appreciable differences in achievement in activities of daily living and mobility were noted between patients treated with surgical stabilization of the cervical spinal column and those treated nonsurgically.